Is paxlovid safe?
Is Paxlovid Safe?
Paxlovid was first granted Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA in December 2021 to treat COVID-19 in high-risk individuals. On May 25, 2023, Paxlovid received full FDA approval, confirming it is safe and effective when used as directed. Clinical trials have shown Paxlovid to be approximately 86% effective at preventing hospitalization and severe illness due to COVID-19.
What Is Paxlovid?
Paxlovid is an oral antiviral medication used to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in individuals 12 years and older who weigh at least 88 pounds and are at high risk for severe disease. It combines two antiviral medications: nirmatrelvir and ritonavir.
How Does Paxlovid Work?
Nirmatrelvir blocks a viral protein that helps the virus replicate. Ritonavir slows the breakdown of nirmatrelvir, keeping it active in the body longer. Together, they reduce the severity of COVID-19 and may lower the risk of long COVID.
Common Side Effects
- Altered or metallic taste
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- High blood pressure
- Nausea or vomiting
- Stomach pain
Serious Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (swelling, hives, trouble breathing)
- Liver problems, especially in people with pre-existing liver disease
Note: These are not all possible side effects. Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice or report side effects to the FDA at www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Who Should Avoid Paxlovid?
- People allergic to nirmatrelvir, ritonavir, or inactive ingredients
- Those with severe kidney disease
- People taking medications that interact seriously with Paxlovid
Precautions
Tell your healthcare provider if you have:
- Kidney or liver problems (including hepatitis)
- HIV-1
- Are pregnant or planning pregnancy
- Are breastfeeding
Drug Interactions
Paxlovid interacts with medications metabolized by CYP3A, including:
- Statins (cholesterol medications)
- Blood thinners
- Antidepressants
- Antiarrhythmics
- Immunosuppressants
- Migraine medications
Recommended Dose
Start Paxlovid within 5 days of COVID-19 symptom onset. Take as prescribed:
- Standard dose: 300 mg nirmatrelvir (two 150 mg tablets) + 100 mg ritonavir (one tablet), twice daily for 5 days
- Moderate kidney disease: 150 mg nirmatrelvir + 100 mg ritonavir, twice daily for 5 days
Swallow whole tablets, with or without food. Do not crush or chew. Complete the full 5-day course.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose and it’s within 8 hours, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s been over 8 hours, skip it and take your next dose at the scheduled time. Do not double up.
Is Paxlovid Safe During Pregnancy?
Data is limited, but Paxlovid may be considered safe for pregnant people at high risk for severe COVID-19. Talk to your doctor before use.
Effectiveness
Clinical studies show Paxlovid reduces hospitalization or death by 86% in high-risk patients when taken within five days of symptoms. It remains effective against Omicron variants.
Liver Safety
Ritonavir may affect the liver, especially in those with pre-existing liver disease. Monitor for signs of liver injury like yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine, and abdominal pain.
Can You Stop Paxlovid If It Makes You Sick?
If you experience signs of an allergic reaction or liver damage, stop Paxlovid and seek immediate medical attention. For other side effects, consult your healthcare provider before stopping treatment.
Who Is Paxlovid Safe For?
Paxlovid is safe for individuals 12 years or older (weighing at least 88 lbs) with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and at high risk for severe disease. It is available by prescription through healthcare providers and select pharmacists.
Related Medications
- Veklury (remdesivir)
- Lagevrio (molnupiravir)