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(Sodium Bicarbonate)

The active ingredient in sodium bicarbonate is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). When it enters the body, it acts as a buffer by dissociating into sodium cations (Na) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3). The bicarbonate ions neutralize hydrogen ions, thus stabilizing the acid-base levels in the body. Sodium cations and bicarbonate ions are electrolytes, and they can also fix electrolyte deficiencies through neutralization. When sodium bicarbonate is used for acid indigestion, the stomach acid is neutralized by the bicarbonate ions.

Follow all directions given to you by your doctor and read all documents provided, including the full Prescribing Information, FDA-Approved Product Labeling, Instructions for Use, and Medication Guide, before using sodium bicarbonate. However, the following is a synopsis of the general guidelines for the use of sodium bicarbonate:

• Sodium bicarbonate comes in different dosage forms, such as oral tablets, effervescent tablets, granules, or an injection for intravenous use. For tablets, swallow it whole. For effervescent tablets, dissolve them in water based on the instructions.
• The recommended dose for use as an antacid is 650 mg to 2.6 g every 4 hours as needed or as told by your healthcare professional. Do not take more than 15.6 g per day.

The most common side effects of sodium bicarbonate include:

• Headache.
• Nausea.
• Bloating.

Some individuals may experience serious side effects while using sodium bicarbonate. These side effects may require immediate medical attention. If you experience any of the following, contact your healthcare provider or seek emergency medical help:

• Allergic reaction. Signs include hives, shortness of breath, and swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
• Sodium bicarbonate toxicity or overdose. Symptoms include diarrhea and vomiting. Call your local poison control center immediately.
• For sodium bicarbonate injections, watch for twitching, shortness of breath, muscle spasms, tissue damage, and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis.

These are not all of the possible side effects of sodium bicarbonate. You should always seek medical advice from your healthcare provider for any questions or concerns about your medical condition or treatment. Read all patient information, medication guides, or drug information sheets that come with this medication. You can also report adverse effects to the Food and Drug Administration at www.fda.gov/medwatch or 1-800-FDA-1088.

Before starting sodium bicarbonate, it is crucial to discuss any existing health conditions with your healthcare provider. You should be sure that your healthcare provider is aware of all your medical conditions, including whether any of the following apply:

• Allergies to any medications, food, preservatives, or supplements.
• Congestive heart failure.
• For sodium bicarbonate injections: low acid levels, low calcium levels, and low chloride levels.
• Kidney disease.
• High blood pressure.
• Low-sodium diet.

• Allergic reaction to any ingredient in the formulation of a sodium bicarbonate product.
• Metabolic alkalosis.
• Chloride loss from vomiting or continuous GI suctioning.
• Appendicitis.

When sodium bicarbonate is taken orally, it starts working in 15 minutes and lasts 1 to 3 hours. When sodium bicarbonate is given intravenously, it starts working rapidly and lasts 8 to 10 minutes.

When sodium bicarbonate is taken with other prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements, it may change how they work or increase the frequency or severity of side effects. Make sure that you tell your healthcare professional about anything that you are taking to avoid any negative drug interactions, including:

• Corticosteroids.
• Corticotropin.
• Supplements containing iron or calcium.
• Tetracycline antibiotics, like doxycycline.
• Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, like levofloxacin.
• Aspirin.

Sodium bicarbonate tablets are available as 325 mg and 600 mg per tablet. Intravenous solutions are available as 4.2% in 5 mL and 10 mL, 7.5% in 50 mL, and 8.4% in 10 mL and 50 mL.

Store sodium bicarbonate tablets at room temperature away from children and pets.

Multiple pharmaceutical companies manufacture sodium bicarbonate.

Sodium bicarbonate is the generic version. It is also known as bicarbonate of soda or sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Sodium bicarbonate has no withdrawal symptoms, but it is always best to consult with your healthcare professional before stopping any medication.

There is limited human data on the use of sodium bicarbonate in pregnancy; however, short-term use likely has a low risk. Talk to your doctor if you are already pregnant or if you have any plans to become pregnant. They will know or recommend what is best for you.

There is limited human data on the use of sodium bicarbonate in breastfeeding. Although it’s not known to be secreted in breast milk, sodium bicarbonate antacid use is not recommended. Talk to your doctor if you are already breastfeeding or if you have any plans to breastfeed. They will know or recommend what is best for you.