Pennsaid

The active ingredient in Pennsaid is diclofenac sodium. This painkiller works by inhibiting the COX enzymes, which in turn reduces the formation of prostaglandins. These prostaglandins are markers of inflammation and can cause symptoms of fever and pain. By decreasing the synthesis of prostaglandins, the symptoms of pain will be reduced.

Follow all directions given to you by your doctor and read all documents provided, including the full Prescribing Information, FDA-Approved Product Labeling, Instructions for Use, and Medication Guide, before using Pennsaid. However, the following is a synopsis of the general guidelines for the use of Pennsaid:

• The topical solution should be applied to clean, dry skin, and the application site should be free of open wounds. When ready, apply the medication to the affected area and wash your hands after application. Before applying sunscreen or lotion, ensure the area is dry.
• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and only take the next dose. Do not take double or extra doses.

The most common side effects of Pennsaid seen in clinical trials include:

• Redness, dryness, stinging, itching, and rash at the application site
• Drowsiness
• Heartburn and gas
• Gastrointestinal/abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Nausea

Some individuals may experience serious side effects while using Pennsaid. These side effects may require immediate medical attention. If you experience any of the following, contact your healthcare provider or seek emergency medical help:

• Heart failure and high blood pressure: shortness of breath, swelling of the ankles, feet, or hands, blurred vision, sudden weight gain, unusual weakness or fatigue
• Stomach bleeding or perforation: vomiting blood, dark or bloody stools, and severe stomach pain
• Severe kidney problems: fatigue, dry and itchy skin, loss of appetite, urinating less than usual, bloody urine, and muscle cramps
• Stroke: chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness on one side of your body or face, and slurred speech
• Severe liver problems: abdominal swelling, yellowing of your skin or eyes (jaundice), and dark urine
• Severe allergic or skin reactions: skin rash, dermatitis, reddening, peeling, or blisters, trouble breathing

These are not all of the possible adverse events of Pennsaid. You should always seek medical advice from your healthcare provider for any questions or concerns about your medical condition or treatment. Read all patient information, medication guides, or drug information sheets that come with this medication. You can also report adverse effects to the Food and Drug Administration at www.fda.gov/medwatch or 1-800-FDA-1088.

Before starting Pennsaid, it is crucial to discuss any existing health conditions with your healthcare provider. You should be sure that your healthcare provider is aware of all your medical conditions, including whether you have:

• High blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, or a previous heart attack or stroke
• Fluid retention or edema
• Stomach ulcer
• Kidney problems
• Liver cirrhosis
• Asthma
• Bleeding problems

Boxed Warning

• There is an increased risk of bleeding in the stomach and an increased risk of a heart attack and stroke, which could be fatal.

• If an allergic reaction occurs to Pennsaid, this can include signs such as hives and difficulty breathing.
• Right before or after a type of open heart surgery called coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

The medication will begin working within a few minutes to an hour.

When Pennsaid is taken with other prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements, it may change how they work or increase the frequency or severity of side effects. Make sure that you tell your healthcare professional about anything that you are taking to avoid any negative drug interactions, including:

• Other topical or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen
• Blood thinners, including warfarin
• Diuretics
• Lithium
• Methotrexate
• Cyclosporine
• Corticosteroids

The dosage form and strength for Pennsaid is a 1.5% diclofenac sodium topical solution.

Pennsaid topical solution should be stored at room temperature and away from the reach of children.

The pharmaceutical company that manufactures Pennsaid is Nuvo Pharmaceuticals Inc.

There are lower-cost alternatives for the brand-name Pennsaid and Voltaren.

Pennsaid can be stopped without tapering according to the product information.

This medication can cause toxicity to the unborn baby, especially during the third trimester. Talk to your doctor if you are already pregnant or if you have any plans to become pregnant. They will know or recommend what is best for you.

It is unknown if Pennsaid can pass into the breastmilk, but it is best to avoid it while breastfeeding to avoid causing significant harm to the baby. Talk to your doctor if you are already breastfeeding or if you have any plans to breastfeed. They will know or recommend what is best for you.